Bacteria associated with tumors can mediate resistance the chemotherapy drugs. Thus controlling bacterial species in cancer can enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy.
There is a general pattern emerging from recent research of the importance of bacteria to human other than the simple paradigm of "there's a bacteria infection, give antibiotics." Bacteria we normally carry with us - such as the gut microbiota - affect human health for better or worse, as chronicled at this blog in a number of posts; now we see that human cancer can be associated with bacteria that affect resistance to chemotherapy.
Targeting human-cancer-bacteria interactions seems like a fruitful area of future research.
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