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This study used mice that model colon cancer induced by azoxymethane and dextran sulfate sodium.
The mice were fed a regular diet or a high-fat diet (HFD), and the researchers found that the HFD-fed mice had more colon inflammation, more tumors, and different gene expression compared to regular-diet mice.
Some of the changes in the HFD mouse colon were similar to these found in human colon cancer, particularly colon cancer with inflammatory microsatellite instability.
Leptin and Wnt signaling were altered in the HFD mice, and such alterations are also associated with colon cancer. Upregulation of the leptin pathway is associated with worse overall survival; whereas, Wnt signaling deregulation is often the initiating step in the development of colon cancer.
Taking into account the similarities to the human colon cancer, the importance of diet becomes clear.
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